A data model for operational and situational information in emergency response: the Dutch case

During emergency response a lot of dynamic information is created and needs to be studied and analysed in the decision-making process. However, this analysis of data is difficult and often not possible. A major reason for this is that a lot of information coming from the field operations is not archived in a structured way. This paper presents a data model for the management of dynamic data, which captures the situational information (incident and its effect) and the operational information (processes activated and people/departments involved). The model is derived from the emergency response procedure and structural organisation in the Netherlands

Models of Dynamic Data for Emergency Response: A Comparative Study

The first hours after a disaster happens are very chaotic and difficult but perhaps the most important for successfully fighting the consequences, saving human lives and reducing damages in private and public properties. Despite some advances, complete inventory of the information needed during the emergency response remains challenging. In the last years several nationally and internationally funded projects have concentrated on inventory of emergency response processes, structures for storing dynamic information and standards and services for accessing needed data sets. A good inventory would clarify many aspects of the information exchange such as data sets, models, representations; a good structuring would facilitate the fast access to a desired piece of information, as well as the automation of analysis of the information. Consequently the information can be used better in the decision-making process.\ud This paper presents our work on models for dynamic data for different disasters and incidents in Europe. The Dutch data models are derived from a thorough study on emergency response procedure in the Netherlands. Two more models developed within the project HUMBOLDT reflect several cross border disaster management scenarios in Europe. These models are compared with the Geospatial Data Model of the Department of Homeland Security in USA. The paper draws conclusions about the type of geographical information needed to perform emergency response operations and the possibility to have a generic model to be used world-wide

Implikasi Falsafah Siri\u27 Na Pacce pada Masyarakat Suku Makassar di Kabupaten Gowa

Articulating the religion in the life of human is a phenomenon in theactual practice. Religion consists of beliefs, dogmas, traditions, practicesand rituals. A faith people who was born into a religious tradition wouuldinherit and take all these aspects directly and believed that everythinginherited was essential and integral aspect of religion. From this context,religious understanding begined from understanding the legacy that hasbeen determined and doctrined unilaterally without passing personal lanethat bassically resulted a conviction and a strong understanding. At thelife level, people had a philosophy of their life. This was ref lected in aphilosophy siri\u27 na pacce that was hold by tribe Makassar as guidelines in their daily activities

Investigation of ternary binder based systems in terms of Calorimetry, Shrinkage and In-Situ XRD

Ternary binders are defined in this study as compositions of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Calcium Sulfate (CS̅). Several mixtures were studied, calorimetric and shrinkage technique has been used to follow the hydration during 24 hours. The XRD technique is used as support in the analysis of the hydration products. The results have shown that the initial amount of ��� and �� play a key role in the hydration of ��/���/�� mixtures and especially affect the formation of ettringite. The mechanism of reactions (hydration kinetic) and the reactions speed (acceleration or retardation) depends by the aggregates (LSP, QP) put in the different binders. The addition of re-dispersible powders showed retardation in hydration kinetics, longer setting times and also changed the dimensional stability. Comparison of the phase development monitored by in-situ XRD was performed

On Mobility Management in Multi-Sink Sensor Networks for Geocasting of Queries

In order to efficiently deal with location dependent messages in multi-sink wireless sensor networks (WSNs), it is key that the network informs sinks what geographical area is covered by which sink. The sinks are then able to efficiently route messages which are only valid in particular regions of the deployment. In our previous work (see the 5th and 6th cited documents), we proposed a combined coverage area reporting and geographical routing protocol for location dependent messages, for example, queries that are injected by sinks. In this paper, we study the case where we have static sinks and mobile sensor nodes in the network. To provide up-to-date coverage areas to sinks, we focus on handling node mobility in the network. We discuss what is a better method for updating the routing structure (i.e., routing trees and coverage areas) to handle mobility efficiently: periodic global updates initiated from sinks or local updates triggered by mobile sensors. Simulation results show that local updating perform very well in terms of query delivery ratio. Local updating has a better scalability to increasing network size. It is also more energy efficient than ourpreviously proposed approach, where global updating in networks have medium mobility rate and speed

Storage and manipulation of vague spatial objects using existing GIS functionality

We collect and store data to derive information and make judgments about a world of our interest. Ideally, they should indicate in a unique and certain way which possible world corresponds to the actual world [17]. Imperfection arises when this is not possible. Imprecision is a type of imperfection that is often encountered. Data are imprecise if we cannot precisely define the actual world, i.e. several worlds satisfy the data. A specific type of imprecision is vagueness [17; 22], which is the focus of this study. A concept is vague if objects exist that cannot be classified either to the concept or to its complement. Vagueness arises in the presence of borderline cases [18]. It is often present in collected spatial information, such as forest inventories, or geological, soil, and vegetation maps. Soil or vegetation classes are such that they cannot be defined sharply. The change from one class to another is gradual. This is in confliict with current geographical information systems (GIS) which assume that spatial objects are precisely defined, sharp objects, using points, lines, and polygons as representations

Representation of and reasoning with vagueness in spatial information : a system for handling vague objects

The main concepts of research are illustrated by real applications: data on heavy metal concentration in the sediment of the Maas river in Belgium, land cover change in Shimla district India and beach erosion in Amelan